Grammaire et langue anglaise
|
Phonologie et prononciation de l'anglais
Améliorer sa prononciation avec les cours de phonologie adaptées et ludiques. Les étudiants et professeur trouveront également des ressources plus détaillées.
You will also find lessons about the different dialects and varieties of English.
|
Linguistics is the scientific study of language. Linguistics is concerned with the nature of language and communication, and with the study of particular languages and dialects. It includes many subareas / fields of research : grammar, phonology, syntax, morphology, etc.. In this section you will find a lot of lessons regarding linguistics.
|
|
Programme du chapitre
1- The Anglo-Saxon, The jutes and The Vikings. 2- The Norman Conquest. 3- The origins and evolution of the English language. 4- Shakespeare's influence and legacy. 5- How English became the world's most-spoken language. 6- The influence of American TV-series. |
Les objectifs de ce chapitre
|
The end of the Roman Era ushered a period of upheaval for the native Celtic tribes of Britain. They were left to themselves and faced numerous attacks and invasion attempts. They hired mercenaries to protect them from invaders - many of whom became a threat themselves - attracted by the rich farmland of the south and east of England.
|
Vortigen believed that this gift would ensure their loyalty in case of further invasions from the north, as they would be protecting part of their own country (the Isle of Thanet being part of Britain). The Jutes were quite taken with their new lands and so more and more Germanic tribes began to arrive from the continent, including the Angles and the Saxons The number of Germanic settlers increased and many bloody battles took place between 457 and 473 where the Germanic tribes massacred the Celts and forced them to flee their land. This process of domination and the colonization of Britain by the Germanic tribes continued for about a century and the different native Celtic tribes were forced further and further to Cornwall, Wales and Cumbria and across the sea to Britany taking their language and what remained of their civilization with them. This led to the near extinction of the Celtic language in many parts of Britain. However, it also led to the birth of English. |
|
Words related to the Vikings’ barbarous behaviour:
|
Other everyday words:
|
The personal pronouns :
they, their, them |
SCANDINAVIAN PLACE NAME
Scandinavian parish names in england, related to the boundary line of the Danelaw.
There are over 1,500 such place names in England. Over 600 words end in –by, the Scandinavian word for ‘farm’ or ‘town’ – Derby, Grimsby, Rugby, etc… |
SCANDINAVIAN PERSONAL NAMES
The distribution of English family names ending in –son, such as Davidson, Jackson, and Henderson. The figures give the number of different surnames which are thought to have come from each county. The Scandinavian influence in the north and east is very clear, especially in Yorkshire, and north Lincolnshire, where over 60 per cent of personal names in early Middle English records show Scandinavian influence. |
![]()
|
![]()
|
Les Vikings en France - CARTE.png | |
File Size: | 1481 kb |
File Type: | png |
Les mots Vikings en français.pdf | |
File Size: | 1086 kb |
File Type: |
William of Normandy defeated the English army in Hastings (actually a little further north of the actual town – 10 km northwest of Hastings) in 1066. He then marched to London and was crowned on Christmas Day in 1066. The coronation took place in Westminster Abbey.
Around a quarter of the land in England was owned by the crown and William set about installing Normans into position of power and influence across all areas of English life. Over the next few years his lieutenants in the county imposed their might with castles which dominated their surroundings. |
|
![]()
|
![]()
|
![]()
|
![]()
![]()
![]()
![]()
|
Since the mid-nineteenth century, various writers and scholars have proposed the theory that Shakespeare’s plays were written by Sir Francis Bacon using ‘Shakespeare’ as a pseudonym, or that they were written by a team of writers of which Bacon was the leader. However, there is no evidence at all that Bacon had anything to do with writing for the theatre. The theory was based on perceived correspondences between the philosophical ideas found in Bacon’s writings and the works of Shakespeare. Later, proponents claimed to have found legal and autobiographical allusions and cryptographic ciphers and codes in the plays and poems to buttress the theory. All academic Shakespeare scholars but a few reject the arguments for Bacon authorship, as well as those for all other alternative authors.
|
Worm
Worm used to refer to a ‘dragon’ or a ‘monster’. In Old English worm was spelled wyrm or wurm. The first meaning was ‘serpent’ or ‘dragon’, a sense still occasionally found in dialect and preserved in folk tales such as ‘The Lambton Worm’. Worm came to mean ‘crawling animal, reptile, or insect’ and then, in about 1100, an earthworm or similar creature. (Oxford English Dictionary). |
As a primary school teacher, Webster decided that through educational reform the new federal nation state could grow and prosper. He set up small schools and during his time as a teacher wrote a series of text books entitled A Grammatical Institute of the English Language. The first of this three-part compendium, The American Spelling Book (1783), became known as the ‘Speller’. The Speller proved to be a phenomenal success and became the standard literacy text book in America.
|
![]()
|
![]()
|
![]()
|
|
|