AMENDMENT XIII
Passed by Congress on 31 January 1865; Ratified 6 December 1865
Section 1
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Amendment 13th | Analysis
The 13th Amendment was ratified after the South had formally accepted defeat. It marked the first important step in bringing American constitutional practice into harmony with American libertarian values. It provides for the immediate emancipation of all slaves in The United States, without any compensation to their owners.
AMENDMENT XIV
Passed by Congress 13 June 1866; Ratified 9 July 1868
Section 1
All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws [...]
Amendment 14th | Analysis
The 14th Amendment brought the preamble of the Declaration of Independence (1776) in to the realm of constitutional law. At the heart of the 14th Amendment is the stipulation that all Americans born or naturalized in The United States, including the newly freed slaves, are citizens of The United States.
AMENDMENT XV
Passed by Congress 26 February 1869; Ratified 3 February 1870
Section 1
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color or previous condition of servitude.
Amendment 15th | Analysis
The 15th Amendment categorically prohibits the denial of the right to vote on account of race, colour, or previous condition of servitude. It is important to notice that this Amendment does not mention gender, which meant that although newly freed male slaves were guaranteed a right to vote, women of all races were denied that right.It was not until 1920 with the 19th Amendment, that women were granted the right to vote. “The right of the citizens of The United State to vote shall not be denied or abridged by The United States or by any State on account of sex.”
[19th Amendment]
[19th Amendment]
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